• cat - Read files
• grep - Search text in files
• find - Locate files
• strings - Extract readable strings from binary files
• chmod - Change file permissions
• wget / curl - Download files from the web
• tar / zip / unzip - Extract and compress files
• ssh - Remote login via SSH
• scp - Secure copy files to/from remote machine
• netcat (nc) - Network connection (port scanning, file transfer, etc.)
• lsof - List open files
• ps aux - List running processes
• env - View environment variables
• base64 - Encode/decode base64
• xxd - Hex dump
• uname -a - Get system information
• df / du - Disk usage